Brick



A brick is one piece construction, usually ceramic shaped ortoédrica, whose dimensions allow it to be attached with one hand by an operator. Masonry is used for the execution of plants in general.

= What are they made of? =

The clay used to make the bricks is a sedimentary material of very small particles of hydrated alumina silicates, and other minerals such as kaolin, montmorillonite and illite.

= What are they used for? =

The bricks are used in construction fences, walls and partitions. It is mainly used for building walls, walls or partitions. Although bone can be placed, it is usually received with mortar. The arrangement of the bricks in the wall known as rigging, there are a great variety of them.

= How many types of brick are there? =

According to their shape, the bricks are classified as:


 * **Perforated brick:** Are all those that have perforations in the table that cover more than 10% of the surface thereof. Are used in implementing the brick facade.


 * **Solid brick:** Those with less than 10% of perforations in the table. Some models have a recess in the tables and heads to the walls without running sores.


 * **Brick, tile or manual:** Simulate old handmade bricks, looking rough and wrinkled faces.Have good properties ornamentals.


 * **Moulded brick:** One that has a curved profile, so that by placing a row of brick rowlock generally, form a molding run. The name comes from the templates used by the masons to carve the stones, and used to give that form to the brick.


 * **Hollow brick:** Those that have slots on the song or the head to reduce weight and volume of material used in them, making it easier to cut and handle. Those with horizontal holes are used to partition that will not withstand heavy loads. Can be of several types:


 * **Hollow brick simple:** It has a row of holes in the head.


 * **Hollow brick double:** With two rows of holes in the head.


 * **Hollow brick triple:** Three rows of holes in the head.


 * **Facing Brick:** Those that are used outdoors with a special finish.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Refractory brick:** Is placed in places where it must withstand high temperatures, such as stoves or fireplaces.

= <span style="color: #ff8c00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">What is the meaning of brick laying techniques? =



<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">The mason refers to the person performing either basic construction work, such aselevation of walls, fences and walls, placement of covered and non-pressure fluid pipes, trenching, filling and leveling of concrete formwork, concrete preparation and otherunskilled labor tasks.

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Traditionally used and developed through experimentation. This is where the masonry has no more elements than the brick and mortar or plaster, and is responsible for these structural elements to resist all potential charges affecting construction. This is achieved by arranging the elements of the structure so that the acting forces are preferably compression.
 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Masonry single

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">It is known by this name that masonry in which steel is used as reinforcement in the walls that are built. <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Mainly these consist of tension reinforcement (such as vertical reinforcement) and brackets (as horizontal reinforcements), reinforcements are embedded in the foundation or the pillars of the building, respectively. <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Generally preferred the use of mechanized brick, structural design facilitates insertion of the tensors to give greater flexibility to the structure.
 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Reinforced brick

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Masonry reinforcement elements reinforced with horizontal and vertical, whose function is to improve the durability of the assembly.
 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Reinforced masonry

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Techniques of Masonry:


 * 1) <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Rowlock:** This style of brick work is where the bricks are laid on their sides, so the short end of the brick is on the outside and vertical. This is often used in garden projects.

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">2. **Soldier:** This is where the bricks are laid vertically with the long narrow side out.

= <span style="color: #ff8c00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">What are their advantages and disadvantages? =


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**The bearing capacity:** masonry walls have an acceptable capacity. So if it is built only on the ground floor will not need to add additional structure.

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">In contrast, in the case of construction of one or more upper floors fit supports are needed. Or, incorporate an independent structure of reinforced concrete or steel. In this case the wall meets only a function of enclosure of the rooms and could not bear more load than its own weight. The walls using ceramic or cement blocks have the advantage of reducing the use of formworks, traditional wooden molds where the concrete is poured. This is because the blocks are made with special holes for assembling the columns and beams, and then casting the concrete. <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Industrial systems can hold a two-and upper floors without additional structures.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Thermal Insulation:** the need for thermal insulation is essential, especially in walls that are misguided. And especially those facing south. It happens that, as the outside of the wall is cold in winter, the humidity can condense and produces the classic phenomenon of perspiration on the inside wall, and eventually the formation of mold on the wall surface.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Thermal insulation is achieved in two ways:** one is through very thick walls. For example, brick walls 30 inches thick (obsolete, uneconomical and low efficiency). The other is to use porous materials such as polystyrene (polystyrene) or fiberglass. The double walls with air chamber work very well as thermal insulators. But industriazadas can achieve the best result with reduced thickness, because they incorporate special insulation.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Acoustic insulation:** traditional brick walls work well as acoustic insulation to a certain limit, as have mass or thickness. Instead, as industrialized systems are thin, often fail in this respect, therefore, should be fitted with traditional insulation barriers, such as plates FONAC ® Composite.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Hydrophobic insulation:** in industrialized walls apply special insulating barriers, such as Tyvek ® insulating membrane (Dupont). In the case of traditional walls is made with a hydrophobic layer of plaster: the famous ceresita. That's right: you have to control very well that when the mason applies a perfect ceresita give continuity to the surface.Because if there is any pore, is the weak point where moisture seeping. We also have to make the scratch coat immediately so that the sun does not "burn" the agrietándola ceresita and finish.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Speed ​​of execution:** The strength of industrial systems. However, if the traditional walls are made with a streamlined system, such as with cement or ceramic blocks (which are expensive measures and couples), you manage to lose a lot of construction time.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Maintenace Costs:** Many prefer the walls of exposed brick because apparently avoided having to paint the house periodically. However, it must be remembered that every 3 to 4 years require treatment with special coatings based on silicones, so that the wall does not absorb water and fungi from forming on its surface. Industrial systems with plastic molds do not require painting or coating and washed with soap and water.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Loss of usable space:** This topic generally not taken into account. However, in large lengths wall, a difference between a wall thickness of 15 centimeters and can add another 30 square meters an amount sufficient to add an environment more like a bedroom.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Appearance:** Although it is the most subjective, must be taken into account when choosing the system to use. It is recommended that the exterior walls are related to the overall look of the house.

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">On the walls are traditional bulwarks pipes. It is thus inevitable break to do some repair.In contrast, the dry-mounting systems is much easier to repair installations because you can remove the panels that make up the wall.
 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Facilities:** When choosing the wall must take into account ease of implementation and repair of pipes of different facilities, electricity, gas, water, passing through the inside of the wall.


 * <span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">**Costs:** There will be several issues to consider. On the one hand take into account the costs of construction, but also the maintenance. Furthermore, considering that the surfaces of the doors and windows less than 5 square meters are not discounted for the computation of the wall. This is what the guild is called compute "for full vacuum." We also have to consider the lintels, special works and brick moldings are budgeted separately.

= <span style="color: #ff8c00; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Listening/reading activity =

<span style="color: #ae975b; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%; text-align: justify;">Brick is great material to work with in construction, it’s very easy to find and transport. It´s not expensive to be such a good material. Also, it doesn’t require maintenance, which is always a problem in buildings. It offers the possibility to be shown or not and gives warm and beauty to the place with it´s colors.