Structure

The architecture is not derived from a sum of lengths, widths and heights of building elements that surround the space, but derives itself from the vacuum of space involved, the interior space in which men live and move.

architecture has been considered one of the Seven Arts. Certain buildings or other buildings are works of art as they can be considered primarily in terms of its form or structure sensitive or aesthetics. From this point of view, although the means of architecture may consist of walls, columns, floors, ceilings and other building elements, its purpose is to create meaningful spaces where humans can develop all kinds of activities.

The structure in architecture plays an important role in any building, since it is the skeleton that supports it and thanks to the lift and you can stop. Simply the fact that they hold the building Another reason why the structure is extremely important because it is crucial in organizing all areas, there are several advantages and disadvantages on the choice of the structure and as the years have passed this has evolved to today having more methods modern to achieve truly amazing things that man never imagine creating.

Materials such as wood, glass, bricks are important when making a building as a result of these different materials and construction techniques can be carried out a project such as a building.  Materials such as wood, glass, bricks are important when making a building as a result of these different materials and construction techniques can be carried out a project such as a building.



Definition:

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A wall is a solid structure that defines and protects an area. Commonly, a wall delineates a building and supports its structure, separates space in buildings into rooms, or protects or delineates a space in the open air. ======



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Building walls have one main purpose: to support roofs and ceilings. Such walls most often have three or more separate components. In today's construction, a building's wall will usually have the structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in a house wall), insulation, and finish elements, or surface (such as drywall or panelling). In addition, the wall may house various types of electrical wiring or plumbing. Electrical outlets are usually mounted in walls. =====

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Boundary walls include privacy walls, boundary-marking walls on property, and town walls. These intergrade into fences; the conventional differentiation is that a fence is of minimal thickness and often is open in nature, while a wall is usually more than a nominal thickness and is completely closed, or opaque. =====

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Some walls are designed to formally separate one population from another. =====

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n areas of rocky soils around the world, farmers have often pulled large quantities of stone out of their fields to make farming easier, and have stacked those stones to make walls that either mark the field boundary, or the property boundary, or both. =====



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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Special laws often govern walls shared by neighbouring properties. Typically, one neighbour cannot alter the common wall if it is likely to affect the building or property on the other side. =====

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;"> <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">The content of this page is based on the oral presentation made by Kaira Hernandez and Mario Caires

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Definition:
<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Post and lintel (or Post and beam) is a simple architrave, where a horizontal member (the lintel—or header) is supported by two vertical posts at either end. This form is commonly used to support the weight of the structure located above the openings in a bearing wall created by windows and doors.

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Lintel:
<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">A lintel (or header) is a horizontal beam used in the construction of buildings, and is a major architectural contribution of ancient Greece. It usually supports the masonry above a window or door opening.

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Pots:
<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">The post is a vertical structural element used to support an edification weight. It is widely used in architecture because it allows to create open ad free spaces.

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">History.
<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">The first register of a post and lintels in history is Stonehenge a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire. It was made nearly two millennia before the roman post. It is a circular monument made with 30 stones of two meters tall, disposed vertically.

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">The content of this page is based on my group Oral Presentation

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">What is an arch?
<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight. Arches appeared as early as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamian brick architecture and their systematic use started with the Ancient Romans who were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures.

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">History
<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">The arch is an incredible architectural discovery, dating back to ancient times but still in wide use today, as, up until the 19th century, it was the only known method for roofing a building without the use of beams. It comes in many shapes-semicircular (Roman), segmental (less than half a circle), or pointed (Gothic). The arch developed from the post and lintel or possibly the corbel, which is similar in shape and principle to the arch. Efforts to build corbeled roofs with smaller units and less weight could have eventually led to the discovery of the arch.

<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Parts of an arch and how it is built
<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">1) <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;"> <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">2) <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;"> <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">3) <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;"> <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">4) <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Definition:

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">in construction known as light-frame construction, is a building technique based around structural members, usually called studs, which provide a stable frame to which interior and exterior wall coverings are attached, and covered by a roof comprising horizontal ceiling joists and sloping rafters (together forming a truss structure) or manufactured pre-fabricated roof trusses—all of which are covered by various sheathing materials to give weather resistance. =====

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Modern light-frame structures usually gain strength from rigid panels (plywood and other plywood-like composites such as OSB) used to form all or part of wall sections, but until recently carpenters employed various forms of diagonal bracing (called "wind braces") to stabilize walls. Diagonal bracing remains a vital interior part of many roof systems, and in-wall wind braces are required by building codes in many municipalities or by individual state laws in the United States. =====

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Light frame construction using standardized dimensional lumber has become the dominant construction method in North America and Australia because of its economy. Use of minimal structural materials allows builders to enclose a large area with minimal cost, while achieving a wide variety of architectural styles. ===== <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. =====

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">A multiple-stud post made up of at least three studs, or the equivalent, is generally used at exterior corners and intersections to secure a good tie between adjoining walls and to provide nailing support for the interior finish and exterior sheathing. =====

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">Balloon framing is a method of wood construction used primarily in Scandinavia, Canada and the United States (up until the mid-1950s). It utilizes long continuous framing members (studs) that run from sill plate to eave line with intermediate floor structures nailed to them,[8] with the heights of window sills, headers and next floor height marked out on the studs with a storey pole. Once popular when long lumber was plentiful, balloon framing has been largely replaced by platform framing. =====

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<span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">In Canada and the United States, the most common method of light-frame construction for houses and small apartment buildings as well as some small commercial buildings is platform framing. ===== <span style="color: #ae975b; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 140%;">